One of the most difficult and legally risky situations in prehospital and emergency department care is the patient refusal of EMS transport which correlates to the “against medical advice” final ED disposition. This topic is far from straightforward for EMS and EM learners and teachers alike, and the concepts can also overlap when giving online EMS medical direction. This discussion introduces the concept of high-risk and difficult refusals of care and a novel mnemonic that will hopefully alleviate your FEARS the next time you care for a complex patient that decides hospital transport or ED treatment isn’t in the cards. This session was recorded on Monday, April 29, 2024 at the 30th Annual
Scientific Assembly (AAEM24) in Austin, TX.